From Maryland to Maryland, 30 years of peace conferences

Filed under: Feature, Israel, Middle East, Palestinians, United States — Bert de Bruin on November 24, 2007 @ 10:17 am CET

The following article appears today in the Dutch daily Friesch Dagblad.

Next week the umpteenth conference for peace in the Middle East will take place, this time in Annapolis. By coincidence this week Egyptian President Anwar Sadat’s visit to Jeruzalem – 30 years ago, the first official visit to Israel by an Arab leader – was commemorated. That visit led to talks between Israeli and Egyptian teams in Camp David, which after almost two weeks of dramatic negotiations resulted in a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. Annapolis is the capital of Maryland, the same state where Camp David is located, but I doubt whether the names Annapolis and Camp David will have the same weight in the history of the Middle East.

The aim of the conference, organized by President George W. Bush, is to issue a document which – more or less based on the almost forgotten “route map for peace” that was issued by Bush five years ago, with the support of the European Union, Russia and the United Nations – eventually must become the key to a Palestinian state and an end to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. One of the main reasons why that goal will almost certainly not be reached is the very weak position of the three main participants in the meeting: the American President, the Palestinian President Abu-Mazen and the Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. Not one of them enjoys any real and heartfelt support and confidence among a majority of his people.

The most important difference between Camp David 1978 and Annapolis 2007, in addition to the presence of the Palestinians, is the host. I am definitely no fan of Jimmy Carter, and I have serious objections against much of what he has written and said about Israel in recent years. Still, it goes without saying that the man won his spurs in the history of Israel with his role in the genesis of the Camp David accords. From the start of his presidency peace in the Middle-East was one of his priorities. Without the courage and the initiative of Sadat nothing might have happened, but without the personal involvement of the American President in the negotiations between Israel and Egypt Sadat and Begin would not have become the historical figures that they are today. At crucial moments during the talks Carter’s intransigence was the deciding factor.

I am not exactly a Bush-basher, partly because for many Bush-bashers Bush is simply a synonym for America, but I believe that of all the areas in which the man failed the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is one of his biggest failures. From 2000 onwards he let Israelis and Palestinians muddle on on their own. Some Israelis have called Bush jr. the most Israel-friendly president ever. I think that a real friend would have showed much more involvement. Before the invasion of Iraq – which I supported hesitantly, partly as a result of an instinctive consideration: “Look who opposes it!” – I wrote in an article for the Dutch daily Trouw that Bush and his government should have spent the period after the fall of the Taliban on thinking out and selling a comprehensive development program and peace plan for the Middle East, rather than on disseminating the “Baghdad delenda est” mantra. It is obvious that such a program and plan never existed. Annapolis is a nice photo op to conclude eight lost years, but it is mainly a matter of way too little much too late.

So, is the whole Annapolis circus pointless? No, it would be too harsh to say that. Every opportunity that is seized to show that Israeli and Arab officials and political leaders can talk and negotiate more or less on the basis of equality already is an achievement. In that respect men like Anwar Sadat, King Hussein, Menachem Begin and Yitzhak Rabin gave a brave and fruitful example. In Israel most people are very cynical about the purpose and the outcome of Annapolis. Yet the only ones who utterly oppose the conference are the fanatics, they declare loud and clear that the conference is a sell-out of Israel’s interests. Just like at previous occasions extremists on both sides of the conflict are interested in a complete failure of this peace conference. The Palestinian terrorists and their Iranian and other puppet masters keep their end up. In their eyes Abu Mazen is a traitor, and the number of attempted terror attacks has risen once again in the last couple of weeks. After all, terror leads to Israeli reactions, which make it impossible for Abu Mazen to fulfil his promises and which make Hamas once more attractive – or less unattractive – as an alternative. Israeli politicians such as Binyamin Nethanyahu and the ultra-rightwing minister Lieberman almost appear to be pleased to prove that they have been right all along: here you go, giving in only leads to ( more ) terror. When you look at all those who are trying very hard to turn Annapolis into a failure you would almost hope that Ehud Olmert is right when he says that the mere fact that the conference takes place already turns it into a success and a victory.

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8 Comments »

  1. 1 Michael van der Galiën

    November 24, 2007 @ 12:15 pm CET

    When you look at all those who are trying very hard to turn Annapolis into a failure you would almost hope that Ehud Olmert is right when he says that the mere fact that the conference takes place already turns it into a success and a victory.

    I have to respectfully disagree. There’s nothing good about ‘talking’ for the sake of talking. What’s more, the plans of the Arab world are aimed at containing and then pushing back Israel, has been explained at very places, various books and in various documentaries such as “Farewell Israel.”

    In fact, it actually is only good for the Arabs because they can present themselves to some as the ones willing to talk. Meanwhile, they know that not much comes out of it, mostly because Israel will refuse to commit suicide. So, peace won’t come. Israel wants peace, the Arabs don’t. The Arabs want Justice.

    And Justice, to the Arab countries, means no Israel, and one great Palestine.

    You’re looking at this from the perspective of a Westerner. I think we should also look at it from the perspective of the Arab world.

    Again: Justice is the keyword. And of course their interpretation of Justice.

  2. 2 Tom

    November 24, 2007 @ 2:56 pm CET

    When talking about the Camp David Accords it helps to keep in mind the events surrounding that historic agreement.

    It was stimulated by Sadat and his partially successful Yom Kippur War. As I read recently in a book about that conflict (can’t remember the title), Sadat was looking for political leverage rather than territorial gain. The Israelis had been so successful militarily that they had no real desire or need to negotiate. Sadat wanted to show that the Israelis weren’t invincible, and thus drive them to the bargaining table. And in 1973 he managed to do just that, launching a surprise attack across the Sinai and even holding some Israeli territory until the end of the conflict. Sadat’s generals wanted him to pull back the troops to avoid getting cut off, a move that was militarily wise. However, Sadat wanted the war to end with Egyptian troops occupying at least some of the Sinai, which was politically wise. And in the years that followed this conflict there were increasing Egyptian-Israeli contacts, and ultimately a peace deal that lasts to this day.

    Not sure what the modern-day equivalent of the Yom Kippur War would be. But something is needed to shake things up and move the process….

  3. 3 Michael van der Galiën

    November 24, 2007 @ 3:08 pm CET

    And in the years that followed this conflict there were increasing Egyptian-Israeli contacts, and ultimately a peace deal that lasts to this day.

    Not sure what the modern-day equivalent of the Yom Kippur War would be. But something is needed to shake things up and move the process….

    Well, that’s a nice positive interpretation. Peace process? Have you ever took the time to analyze Sadat’s words?

    Did he see it as a lasting peace, or as a different kind of war? A diplomatical one? In other words, was it a peace treaty for Sadat, or was it a temporary agreement, meant to be broken once the Arabs were stronger again?

    And about the YKW: that was one ludicrous war for Israel. You do know, I hope, that Israel was fighting for her very existence? That without the (logistical) support of the US, Israel would’ve lost?

  4. 4 Michael van der Galiën

    November 24, 2007 @ 3:33 pm CET

    Let me add: if I remember correctly what I’ve learned about this war, didn’t Meir’s administration inform the US government during the fighting that Israel would be lost if the US didn’t help out quickly?

  5. 5 Tom

    November 24, 2007 @ 4:18 pm CET

    Israel was indeed at risk, but from the Syrians not the Egyptians. The former came dangerously close to breaking through Israeli lines, the latter just managed to capture a few miles of the Sinai, which really was their primary goal.

    Don’t know if the peace was intended to be temporary or permanent. I do know that there haven’t been any Egyptian-Israeli conflicts since the Camp David accords. Nor have I heard of any new military tensions.

  6. 6 rudi666

    November 24, 2007 @ 6:43 pm CET

    Since the talks with Egypt and Jordan how many wars has Israel fought with those countries(ZERO)? This just shows that the Nixon/Kissinger “realpolitik wing” is a complete failure.

    What I find interesting is the new verb in Israelis circles - “lecondel”.

    http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/11/11/africa/mideast.php

    Israel, for its part, wants to be as vague as possible about borders and land swaps, because it is occupied land to trade that is Israel’s main bargaining chip. On the other hand, Olmert wants to be as specific as possible about the refugee issue. He and his deputy, Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni, vow that no Palestinian refugee will return to what is now Israel, and that the new Palestine will be the homeland for Palestinians.

    So Olmert is reluctant even to countenance the possibility of humanitarian exceptions, as the Clinton administration did at Camp David. He is also insistent that the Palestinians recognize Israel “as a Jewish state,” another way of trying to shut the door on refugees.

    As Olmert’s coalition partners warn him against going too far, Palestinian negotiators have had semi-public spats over status and content, especially on the demand, rejected by Israel, that a firm deadline be established for the creation of a Palestinian state.

    The long build-up to Annapolis, together with Rice’s many trips to the region, have given birth to a new verb in Israeli government circles: “lecondel,” based on Rice’s first name. People say that they don’t have time to “lecondel,” - meaning, to come and go for meetings that produce few results.

    Still, a weak Olmert, beset by a failed war in Lebanon and numerous criminal investigations, is committed to try, needing a peace agenda to help justify his term in office. He understands, senior Israeli officials say, that moderate partners like Abbas and Prime Minister Salam Fayyad, who believe in nonviolence and two states, may not come again.

  7. 7 Jason Steck

    November 24, 2007 @ 7:07 pm CET

    As a professor of international relations, I do not understand how incidents of successful negotiations after a series of wars shows “realpolitik” to be a “complete failure”. In 1967 and 1973, Israel met power with greater power, won, and was able then to negotiate a permanent peace on favorable terms — none of this is intrinsically in conflict with the predictions of realist theory upon which “realpolitik” is based.

    While I might agree that liberal theory provides a better account of the peace/war dynamic in the Middle East (and perhaps constructivism an even better account), I think it a serious overreach to jump straight from Camp David to a complete dismissal of the entire realist paradigm.

    It might be worth noting that “realpolitik” and “neoconservativism” are near polar opposites in foreign policy, as even the leftist foreign policy critic James Carroll points out in House of War. Conflating and condemning Nixon/Kissinger/Rice because of a perceived association with Kristol/Cheney/Rumsfeld would be a seriously misleading category mistake. As I have pointed out many times, “neoconservatives” are really Wilsonian liberals with a bizarre and theoretically incoherent militarist edge kludged on. And it is worth remembering that realist scholars almost unanimously condemned the U.S. decision to embrace war in regards to Iraq.

  8. 8 rudi666

    November 25, 2007 @ 5:13 am CET

    JS - This line was meant as sarcasm.

    This just shows that the Nixon/Kissinger “realpolitik wing” is a complete failure.

    While I have problems with their “peace with honor” in Vietnam, the foreign policy results(China & USSR) were HISTORIC. By the US talking to both we made both wary of each other and hepled to break the two Communist apart.

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